"""Utility classes for NICE.
"""

import torch
import torch.nn as nn

"""Additive coupling layer.
"""
class Coupling(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_out_dim, mid_dim, hidden, mask_config):
        """Initialize a coupling layer.

        Args:
            in_out_dim: input/output dimensions.
            mid_dim: number of units in a hidden layer.
            hidden: number of hidden layers.
            mask_config: 1 if transform odd units, 0 if transform even units.
        """
        super(Coupling, self).__init__()
        self.mask_config = mask_config

        self.in_block = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(in_out_dim//2, mid_dim),
            nn.ReLU())
        self.mid_block = nn.ModuleList([
            nn.Sequential(
                nn.Linear(mid_dim, mid_dim),
                nn.ReLU()) for _ in range(hidden - 1)])
        self.out_block = nn.Linear(mid_dim, in_out_dim//2)

    def forward(self, x, reverse=False):
        """Forward pass.

        Args:
            x: input tensor.
            reverse: True in inference mode, False in sampling mode.
        Returns:
            transformed tensor.
        """
        [B, W] = list(x.size())
        x = x.reshape((B, W//2, 2))
        if self.mask_config:
            on, off = x[:, :, 0], x[:, :, 1]
        else:
            off, on = x[:, :, 0], x[:, :, 1]

        off_ = self.in_block(off)
        for i in range(len(self.mid_block)):
            off_ = self.mid_block[i](off_)
        shift = self.out_block(off_)
        if reverse:
            on = on - shift
        else:
            on = on + shift

        if self.mask_config:
            x = torch.stack((on, off), dim=2)
        else:
            x = torch.stack((off, on), dim=2)
        return x.reshape((B, W))

"""Log-scaling layer.
"""
class Scaling(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dim):
        """Initialize a (log-)scaling layer.

        Args:
            dim: input/output dimensions.
        """
        super(Scaling, self).__init__()
        self.scale = nn.Parameter(
            torch.zeros((1, dim)), requires_grad=True)

    def forward(self, x, reverse=False):
        """Forward pass.

        Args:
            x: input tensor.
            reverse: True in inference mode, False in sampling mode.
        Returns:
            transformed tensor and log-determinant of Jacobian.
        """
        log_det_J = torch.sum(self.scale)
        if reverse:
            x = x * torch.exp(-self.scale)
        else:
            x = x * torch.exp(self.scale)

        return x, log_det_J

"""NICE main model.
"""
class NICE(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, prior, coupling,
        in_out_dim, mid_dim, hidden, mask_config):
        """Initialize a NICE.

        Args:
            prior: prior distribution over latent space Z.
            coupling: number of coupling layers.
            in_out_dim: input/output dimensions.
            mid_dim: number of units in a hidden layer.
            hidden: number of hidden layers.
            mask_config: 1 if transform odd units, 0 if transform even units.
        """
        super(NICE, self).__init__()
        self.prior = prior
        self.in_out_dim = in_out_dim

        self.coupling = nn.ModuleList([
            Coupling(in_out_dim=in_out_dim,
                     mid_dim=mid_dim,
                     hidden=hidden,
                     mask_config=(mask_config+i)%2) \
            for i in range(coupling)])
        self.scaling = Scaling(in_out_dim)

    def g(self, z):
        """Transformation g: Z -> X (inverse of f).

        Args:
            z: tensor in latent space Z.
        Returns:
            transformed tensor in data space X.
        """
        x, _ = self.scaling(z, reverse=True)
        for i in reversed(range(len(self.coupling))):
            x = self.coupling[i](x, reverse=True)
        return x

    def f(self, x):
        """Transformation f: X -> Z (inverse of g).

        Args:
            x: tensor in data space X.
        Returns:
            transformed tensor in latent space Z.
        """
        for i in range(len(self.coupling)):
            x = self.coupling[i](x)
        return self.scaling(x)

    def log_prob(self, x):
        """Computes data log-likelihood.

        (See Section 3.3 in the NICE paper.)

        Args:
            x: input minibatch.
        Returns:
            log-likelihood of input.
        """
        z, log_det_J = self.f(x)
        log_ll = torch.sum(self.prior.log_prob(z), dim=1)
        return log_ll + log_det_J

    def sample(self, size):
        """Generates samples.

        Args:
            size: number of samples to generate.
        Returns:
            samples from the data space X.
        """
        if torch.cuda.is_available():
            z = self.prior.sample((size, self.in_out_dim)).cuda()
        else:
            z = self.prior.sample((size, self.in_out_dim)).cpu()

        return self.g(z)

    def forward(self, x):
        """Forward pass.

        Args:
            x: input minibatch.
        Returns:
            log-likelihood of input.
        """
        return self.log_prob(x)

"""Utility functions for NICE.
"""

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F

def dequantize(x, dataset):
    '''Dequantize data.

    Add noise sampled from Uniform(0, 1) to each pixel (in [0, 255]).

    Args:
        x: input tensor.
        reverse: True in inference mode, False in training mode.
    Returns:
        dequantized data.
    '''
    noise = torch.distributions.Uniform(0., 1.).sample(x.size())
    return (x * 255. + noise) / 256.

def prepare_data(x, dataset, zca=None, mean=None, reverse=False):
    """Prepares data for NICE.

    In training mode, flatten and dequantize the input.
    In inference mode, reshape tensor into image size.

    Args:
        x: input minibatch.
        dataset: name of dataset.
        zca: ZCA whitening transformation matrix.
        mean: center of original dataset.
        reverse: True if in inference mode, False if in training mode.
    Returns:
        transformed data.
    """
    if reverse:
        assert len(list(x.size())) == 2
        [B, W] = list(x.size())

        if dataset in ['mnist', 'fashion-mnist']:
            assert W == 1 * 28 * 28
            x += mean
            x = x.reshape((B, 1, 28, 28))
        elif dataset in ['svhn', 'cifar10']:
            assert W == 3 * 32 * 32
            x = torch.matmul(x, zca.inverse()) + mean
            x = x.reshape((B, 3, 32, 32))
    else:
        assert len(list(x.size())) == 4
        [B, C, H, W] = list(x.size())

        if dataset in ['mnist', 'fashion-mnist']:
            assert [C, H, W] == [1, 28, 28]
        elif dataset in ['svhn', 'cifar10']:
            assert [C, H, W] == [3, 32, 32]

        x = dequantize(x, dataset)
        x = x.reshape((B, C*H*W))

        if dataset in ['mnist', 'fashion-mnist']:
            x -= mean
        elif dataset in ['svhn', 'cifar10']:
            x = torch.matmul((x - mean), zca)
    return x

"""Standard logistic distribution.
"""
class StandardLogistic(torch.distributions.Distribution):
    def __init__(self):
        super(StandardLogistic, self).__init__()

    def log_prob(self, x):
        """Computes data log-likelihood.

        Args:
            x: input tensor.
        Returns:
            log-likelihood.
        """
        return -(F.softplus(x) + F.softplus(-x))

    def sample(self, size):
        """Samples from the distribution.

        Args:
            size: number of samples to generate.
        Returns:
            samples.
        """
        if torch.cuda.is_available():
            z = torch.distributions.Uniform(0., 1.).sample(size).cuda()
        else:
            z = torch.distributions.Uniform(0., 1.).sample(size).cpu()

        return torch.log(z) - torch.log(1. - z)

%matplotlib inline
import torch, torchvision
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os

dataset_choice = "mnist" # Other possible parameters: "fashion-mnist", "svhn", "cifar10".
max_iter = 1 # Around 4000 pictures start to have discernible shapes.
save_model_and_load = True # If "True" trained model is saved and loades in every run.



def main(args):

    if torch.cuda.is_available():
        device = torch.device("cuda:0")
    else:
        device = torch.device("cpu")

    # model hyperparameters
    dataset = args.dataset
    batch_size = args.batch_size
    latent = args.latent
    max_iter = args.max_iter
    sample_size = args.sample_size
    coupling = 4
    mask_config = 1.

    # optimization hyperparameters
    lr = args.lr
    momentum = args.momentum
    decay = args.decay

    zca = None
    mean = None

    if dataset == 'mnist':

        mean = torch.load('./NICE/statistics/mnist_mean.pt')
        (full_dim, mid_dim, hidden) = (1 * 28 * 28, 1000, 5)
        transform = torchvision.transforms.ToTensor()
        trainset = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(root='~/torch/data/MNIST',
            train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
        trainloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(trainset,
            batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=2)

    elif dataset == 'fashion-mnist':
        mean = torch.load('./statistics/fashion_mnist_mean.pt')
        (full_dim, mid_dim, hidden) = (1 * 28 * 28, 1000, 5)
        transform = torchvision.transforms.ToTensor()
        trainset = torchvision.datasets.FashionMNIST(root='~/torch/data/FashionMNIST',
            train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
        trainloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(trainset,
            batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=2)
    elif dataset == 'svhn':
        zca = torch.load('./statistics/svhn_zca_3.pt')
        mean = torch.load('./statistics/svhn_mean.pt')
        (full_dim, mid_dim, hidden) = (3 * 32 * 32, 2000, 4)
        transform = torchvision.transforms.ToTensor()
        trainset = torchvision.datasets.SVHN(root='~/torch/data/SVHN',
            split='train', download=True, transform=transform)
        trainloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(trainset,
            batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=2)
    elif dataset == 'cifar10':
        zca = torch.load('./statistics/cifar10_zca_3.pt')
        mean = torch.load('./statistics/cifar10_mean.pt')
        transform = torchvision.transforms.Compose(
        [torchvision.transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(p=0.5),
         torchvisitransforms.ToTensor()])
        (full_dim, mid_dim, hidden) = (3 * 32 * 32, 2000, 4)
        trainset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root='~/torch/data/CIFAR10',
            train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
        trainloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(trainset,
            batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=2)

    if latent == 'normal':
        prior = torch.distributions.Normal(
            torch.tensor(0.).to(device), torch.tensor(1.).to(device))
    elif latent == 'logistic':
        prior = StandardLogistic()

    filename = '%s_' % dataset \
             + 'bs%d_' % batch_size \
             + '%s_' % latent \
             + 'cp%d_' % coupling \
             + 'md%d_' % mid_dim \
             + 'hd%d_' % hidden

    flow = NICE(prior=prior,
                coupling=coupling,
                in_out_dim=full_dim,
                mid_dim=mid_dim,
                hidden=hidden,
                mask_config=mask_config).to(device)
    optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(
        flow.parameters(), lr=lr, betas=(momentum, decay), eps=1e-4)

    if save_model_and_load:
        PATH = './models/' + filename + 'last.tar'
        if os.path.exists('./models') and os.path.isfile(PATH):
            checkpoint = torch.load(PATH)
            flow.load_state_dict(checkpoint['model_state_dict'])
            optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer_state_dict'])


    total_iter = 0
    train = True
    running_loss = 0

    while train:
        for _, data in enumerate(trainloader, 1):
            flow.train()    # set to training mode
            if total_iter == max_iter:
                train = False
                break

            total_iter += 1
            optimizer.zero_grad()    # clear gradient tensors

            inputs, _ = data
            inputs = prepare_data(
                inputs, dataset, zca=zca, mean=mean).to(device)

            # log-likelihood of input minibatch
            loss = -flow(inputs).mean()
            running_loss += float(loss)

            # backprop and update parameters
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()

            if total_iter == max_iter or total_iter % 10 ==0:
                mean_loss = running_loss / total_iter
                bit_per_dim = (mean_loss + np.log(256.) * full_dim) \
                            / (full_dim * np.log(2.))
                print('iter %s:' % total_iter,
                    'loss = %.3f' % mean_loss,
                    'bits/dim = %.3f' % bit_per_dim)
                running_loss = 0.0

                flow.eval()        # set to inference mode
                with torch.no_grad():
                    z, _ = flow.f(inputs)
                    samples = flow.sample(sample_size).cpu()
                    samples = prepare_data(
                        samples, dataset, zca=zca, mean=mean, reverse=True)

                    npimg = torchvision.utils.make_grid(samples).numpy()
                    plt.imshow(np.transpose(npimg, (1,2,0)))


    print('Finished training!')

    if not os.path.exists('./models'):
        os.makedirs('./models')

    torch.save({
        'total_iter': total_iter,
        'model_state_dict': flow.state_dict(),
        'optimizer_state_dict': optimizer.state_dict(),
        'dataset': dataset,
        'batch_size': batch_size,
        'latent': latent,
        'coupling': coupling,
        'mid_dim': mid_dim,
        'hidden': hidden,
        'mask_config': mask_config},
        './models/' + filename +'last.tar')

    print('Checkpoint Saved')


class Args():

    def __init__(self, dataset, batch_size, latent, max_iter, sample_size=64, lr=1e-3, momentum=0.9, decay=0.999):
        self.dataset = dataset
        self.batch_size= batch_size
        self.latent = latent
        self.max_iter = max_iter
        self.sample_size = sample_size # number of images to generate
        self.lr = lr # learning rate
        self.momentum= momentum # beta1 in Adam optimizer
        self.decay = decay # beta2 in Adam optimizer.

if dataset_choice == "mnist":
    args = Args(dataset="mnist", batch_size=200, latent="logistic",max_iter=max_iter)

if dataset_choice == "fashion-mnist":
    args = Args(dataset="fashion-mnist", batch_size=200, latent="logistic",max_iter=max_iter)

if dataset_choice == "svhn":
    args = Args(dataset="svhn", batch_size=200, latent="logistic",max_iter=max_iter)

if dataset_choice =="cifar10":
    args = Args(dataset="cifar10", batch_size=200, latent="logistic",max_iter=max_iter)


if __name__ == '__main__':

    main(args)